Exile and Execution of Political Rivals
One of Cnut's first acts in 1018 was to deal decisively with those who had supported Edmund Ironside, his primary rival for the throne. Edmund had died in 1016, but his supporters were still active in English politics, and they posed a potential threat to Cnut’s rule. To neutralize this threat, Cnut used a combination of exile and execution to remove key figures from the political scene.
A significant example of this occurred with the death of Ælfhelm, the powerful Anglo-Saxon earl of Northumbria. Ælfhelm had been a staunch supporter of Edmund Ironside, and after Edmund's death, Ælfhelm was perceived as a potential rallying figure for those who still resisted Danish rule. In 1018, Cnut had Ælfhelm executed, along with his sons, securing his dominance in the north. This act of violence sent a clear message to the Anglo-Saxon nobility — those who opposed him would not be tolerated.
Additionally, Cnut orchestrated the exile of other prominent Anglo-Saxon nobles who had been loyal to the late Æthelred. This was a strategic move to weaken any remaining factions that might support a rival claimant to the throne. By isolating these figures, Cnut ensured that he had the loyalty of the nobility and reduced the risk of uprisings.
Legal Reforms and Political Alliances
While Cnut’s methods of securing power were ruthless, he also understood the importance of securing the loyalty of his new subjects. In 1018, Cnut began the process of integrating the Anglo-Saxon elite into his rule by establishing a system of legal reforms and making strategic alliances. One of the most notable reforms was the establishment of the "Danish law" in England, which codified many of the legal structures that would come to define his reign. This helped to unify the diverse groups within the kingdom and created a more stable governance structure under Cnut’s control.
Furthermore, Cnut strengthened his position by marrying Emma of Normandy, the widow of Æthelred the Unready, in 1017. This alliance was both a political move to strengthen his claim to the English throne and a strategic attempt to win over the powerful Norman nobility. Emma’s support was critical, as she brought with her substantial influence in both Anglo-Saxon and Norman circles. The marriage served to solidify Cnut’s position as a ruler with ties to both the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian worlds, enhancing his legitimacy. shutdown123